Element: Hydrogen

Properties of Hydrogen
Atomic Number of Hydrogen: 1
Atomic Symbol of Hydrogen: H
Atomic Volume of Hydrogen: 14.4 cm³/mol
Atomic Weight of Hydrogen:^a 1.007825
Boiling Point of Hydrogen:^a 20.37 K
Critical Pressure of Hydrogen:^a 12.98 atm
Critical Temperature of Hydrogen:^a 33.19 K
Density of Hydrogen: 0.0000899 g/cm³
Electron Affinity of Hydrogen: 72.7711 kJ/mol
Electron Configuration of Hydrogen: 1s¹
Electronegativity of Hydrogen (A. L. Allred): 2.20
Heat of Atomization of Hydrogen: 218 kJ/mol atoms
Heat of Dissociation of Hydrogen:^a 435.88 KJ/mol
Heat of Fusion of Hydrogen:^a 0.117 KJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization of Hydrogen:^a 0.904 KJ/mol
Internuclear distance of Hydrogen:^a 74.14 pm
Melting Point of Hydrogen:^a 13.957 K
NMR Frequency of Hydrogen (at 2.35 tesla):^a 100.5 6MHz
NMR Relative Sensitivity of Hydrogen (constant field):^a 1.000
Nuclear Magnetic Moment of Hydrogen:^a 2.79270 (mu)_n
Nuclear Quadrupole Moment of Hydrogen:^a 0 (10^-28 m²)
Nuclear Spin Quantum Number of Hydrogen:^a 1/2
Oxidation States of Hydrogen: 1, -1
Specific Heat of Hydrogen: 14.304 J/gK
Radioactive Stability of Hydrogen:^a Stable
Zero Point Energy of Hydrogen:^a 25.9 KJ/mol
1st Ionization Energy of Hydrogen: 1312 kJ/mol
2nd Ionization Energy of Hydrogen:
3rd Ionization Energy of Hydrogen:

Other Information on Hydrogen Physical Appearance: Odorless, colorless, very 'light' gas.
Year Hydrogen was Isolated / Discovered: 1766
Discoverer of Hydrogen: British Chemist Henry Cavendish
Origin of Name: From the Greek ‘hydros’ = water, and ‘geinomai’ = create.
Origin of the Name Protium: From the Greek 'protos' meaning 'first'.

Properties of Deuterium
Atomic Weight of Deuterium:^a 2.014102
Boiling Point of Deuterium:^a 23.67 K
Critical Pressure of Deuterium:^a 16.43 atm
Critical Temperature of Deuterium:^a 38.35 K
Heat of Dissociation of Deuterium:^a 443.35 KJ/mol
Heat of Fusion of Deuterium:^a 0.197 KJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization of Deuterium:^a 1.226 KJ/mol
Internuclear distance of Deuterium:^a 74.14 pm
Melting Point of Deuterium:^a 18.73 K
NMR Frequency of Deuterium(at 2.35 tesla):^a 15.360 MHz
NMR Relative Sensitivity of Deuterium(constant field):^a 0.00964
Nuclear Magnetic Moment of Deuterium:^a 0.85738 (mu)_n
Nuclear Quadrupole Moment of Deuterium:^a 2.766 x 10^-3 (10^-28 m²)
Nuclear Spin Quantum Number of Deuterium:^a 1
Oxidation States of Deuterium: 1, -1
Radioactive Stability of Deuterium:^a Stable
Zero Point Energy of Deuterium:^a 18.5 KJ/mol

Other Information on Deuterium Origin of the Name Deuterium: From the Greek 'deuteros' meaning '2nd'.

Properties of Tritium
Atomic Weight of Tritium:^a 3.016049
Boiling Point of Tritium:^a 25.04 K
Critical Pressure of Tritium:^a 18.1 atm (calc)
Critical Temperature of Tritium:^a 40.6 K (calc)
Heat of Dissociation of Tritium:^a 446.9 KJ/mol
Heat of Fusion of Tritium:^a 0.250 KJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization of Tritium:^a 1.393 KJ/mol
Internuclear distance of Tritium:^a (74.14 pm)
Melting Point of Tritium:^a 20.62 K
NMR Frequency of Tritium(at 2.35 tesla):^a 104.68 MHz
NMR Relative Sensitivity of Tritium(constant field):^a 1.21
Nuclear Magnetic Moment of Tritium:^a 2.9788 (mu)_n
Nuclear Quadrupole Moment of Tritium:^a 0 (10^-28 m²)
Nuclear Spin Quantum Number of Tritium:^a 1/2
Oxidation States of Tritium: 1, -1
Radioactive Stability of Tritium:^a (beta)^- t_1/2 12.33 y
Zero Point Energy of Tritium:^a 15.1 KJ/mol

Other Information on Tritium Origin of the Name Tritium: From the Greek 'tritos' meaning '3rd'.

Isotopes of Hydrogen Mass Defect of Hydrogen Isotopes:^d see table below.
Mass Excess of Hydrogen Isotopes:^d see table below.
Spin of Hydrogen Isotopes:^d see table below.
Parity of Hydrogen Isotopes:^d see table below
Natural Abundance of Hydrogen Isotopes:^d see table below.
Half Life of Hydrogen Isotopes:^d see table below.
Decay Mode of Hydrogen Isotopes:^d see table below

	Z	A	Mass Excess MeV	I?p	Natural Abundance	Half-Life	Level Widths	Decay Mode
H	1	1	7.289	1/2+	99.985%
D	1	2	13.136	1+	0.015%
T	1	3	14.950	1/2+		12.3 y		b-
	1	4	25.9	2-			4.6 MeV 9	n
	1	5	32.9				5.7 MeV 21	n
	1	6	41.9	(2)-			1.6 MeV 4	n
	1	7	49s		29 x 10-23 y 7

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Element: Helium
Properties of Helium Atomic Number of Helium: 2
Atomic Radius of Helium: 128 pm
Atomic Weight of Helium:^a 4.002602(2)
Abundance in Dry Air of Helium:^a 5.24 ppm
Abundance in Indegenous Rocks of Helium:^a 3 x 10^-3
Boiling Point of Helium:^a - K
Density of Helium at STP:^a 0.17850 mg/cm^-3
Electronegativity of Helium (A. L. Allred): NA
Electronic Configuration of Helium: 1s²
First Ionization Energy of Helium:^a 2372 KJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization of Helium:^a 0.08 KJ/mol (M₂)
Melting Point of Helium:^a 4.215 K
Number of Naturally Occuring Isotopes of Helium:^a 2
Oxidation States of Helium: none
Solubility in Water of Helium at 20° C:^a 8.61 cm³/kg^-1 Thermal Conductivity of Helium at 0° C:^a 0.1418 J/s/m/K

Isotopes of Helium

He	Z	A	Atomic Mass (u)	I?p	Abundance	Half Life
	2	3	3.016029	(1/2)+	1.38 X 10-4%
	2	4	4.002603	0+	99.99986%

Other Information on Helium Physical Appearance of Helium: Odorless, colorless, inert gas which gives off a peach colored light under high voltage.
Year Helium was Isolated: 1868
Discoverer of Helium: French Astronomer Pierre Janssen
Origin of the Name Helium: From the Greek ‘helios’ = The Sun.

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Element: Lithium
Atomic Properties of Lithium Atomic Number of Lithium: 3
Number of Naturally Occuring Isotopes of Lithium:^a 2
Atomic Weight of Lithium:^a 6.941(2)
Electronic Configuration of Lithium: [He]2s¹
Ionization Energy of Lithium:^a 520.2 KJ/mol
Electron Affinity of Lithium:^a 59.8 KJ/mol
(delta)H_dissoc of Lithium:^a 106.5 KJ/mol (M₂)
Metal Radius of Lithium:^a 76 pm
Ionic Radius of Lithium:^a 76pm (6-coordinate)
E°/V for M⁺(aq) + e^- ---> M(s) of Lithium:^a -3.045
A. L. Allred Electronegativity of Lithium: 0.98
Oxidation States of Lithium: 1
Physical Properties of Lithium Melting Point of Lithium:^a 180.6 °C
Boiling Point of Lithium:^a 1342 °C
Density (20°C) of Lithium:^a 0.534 g/cm³ Heat of Fusion of Lithium:^a 2.93 KJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization of Lithium:^a 148 KJ/mol
Heat of Fusion of Lithium:^a 162 KJ/mol
Electrical Resitivity (25°C) of Lithium:^a 9.47 (micro)ohm cm

Isotopes of Lithium

Li	Z	A	Atomic Mass (u)	I?p	Abundance	Half Life
	3	6	6.015121	1+	7.5%
	3	7	7.016003	(3/2)-	92.5%
	3	8	8.022486	2+		0.84 s (b-)

Other Information on Lithium Physical Appearance: Shiny gray metal which quickly oxidizes on exposure to atmospheric gases.
Year Lithium was Isolated: 1817
Discoverer of Lithium: Swedish Chemist Johan August Arfvedson
Origin of Name: From the Greek ‘lithos’ = stone/rock.

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Element: Beryllium
Atomic Properties of Beryllium Atomic Number of Beryllium: 4
Number of Naturally Occuring Isotopes of Beryllium:^a 1
Atomic Weight of Beryllium:^a 9.012182(3)
Electronic Configuration of Beryllium: [He]2s²
Ionization Energy of Beryllium:^a 899.4 KJ/mol
(delta)H_dissoc of Beryllium:^a 1757.1 KJ/mol (M₂)
Metal Radius of Beryllium:^a 112 pm
Ionic Radius of Beryllium:^a 24pm (4-coordinate)
E°/V for M⁺(aq) + e^- ---> M(s) of Beryllium:^a -1.97
A. L. Allred Electronegativity of Beryllium: 1.57
Oxidation States of Beryllium: 2
Physical Properties of Beryllium Melting Point of Beryllium:^a 1289 °C
Boiling Point of Beryllium:^a 2472 °C
Density (20°C) of Beryllium:^a 1.848 g/cm³ Heat of Fusion of Beryllium:^a 15 KJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization of Beryllium:^a 309 KJ/mol
Heat of Fusion of Beryllium:^a 324 KJ/mol
Electrical Resitivity (25°C) of Beryllium:^a 3.70 (micro)ohm cm

Isotopes of Beryllium

Be	Z	A	Atomic Mass (u)	I?p	Abundance	Half Life
	4	7	7.016928	(3/2)-		53.5 d (e)
	4	8	8.005305	0+		0.07 fs (a)
	4	9	9.012182	(3/2)-	100%
	4	10	10.013534	0+		1.6 My (b-)
	4	11	11.021658	(1/2)+		13.8 s (b-)

Other Information on Beryllium Physical Appearance: Gray metal which can be lustrous if polished.
Year Beryllium was Isolated: 1798
Discoverer of Beryllium: French Chemist Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin
Origin of Name: From the Greek ‘beryllos’ = beryl. (A gemstone containing beryllium).

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Element: Boron
Atomic Weight of Boron: 10.81
Electron Configuration of Boron: [He]2s²2p¹
Atomic Radius of Boron: 83 pm
Melting Point of Boron: 2075 C
Boiling Point of Boron: 4000 C
Oxidation States of Boron: 3
A. L. Allred Electronegativity of Boron: 2.04

Isotopes of Boron

B	Z	A	Atomic Mass (u)	I?p	Abundance	Half Life
	5	8	8.024606	2+		0.77 s (e)
	5	9	9.013329	(3/2)-		0.85 as (a)
	5	10	10.012937	3+	19.8%
	5	11	11.009305	(3/2)-	80.2%
	5	12	12.014353	1+		20.4 ms (b-)
	5	13	13.017780	(3/2)-		17.4 ms (b-)

Other Information on Boron Physical Appearance: A brown amorphous powder, or a black crystalline form.
Year Boron was Isolated: 1808
Discoverer of Boron: British Chemist Sir Humphry Davy and French Chemists Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac, Louis-Jacques Thenard
Origin of Name: From the Arabic ‘bauraq’ = Borax.

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Element: Carbon
Atomic Weight of Carbon: 12.011 Electron Configuration of Carbon: [He]2s²2p²
Atomic Radius of Carbon: 77 pm
Melting Point of Carbon: 3550 C (diamond)
Boiling Point of Carbon: 3806 C
Oxidation States of Carbon: 2, 4, -4
A. L. Allred Electronegativity of Carbon: 2.55

Isotopes of Carbon

C	Z	A	Atomic Mass (u)	I?p	Abundance	Half Life
	6	9	9.031039	(3/2)-		0.13 s (e)
	6	10	10.016856	0+		19.2 s (e)
	6	11	11.011433	(3/2)-		20.4 m (e)
	6	12	12.000000	0+	98.89%
	6	13	13.003355	(1/2)-	1.11%
	6	14	14.003242	0+		5370 y (b-)
	6	15	15.010599	(1/2)+		2.45 s (b-)

Other Information on Carbon Physical Appearance: Transparent crystal (diamond), or a deep black mass (Buckyballs, graphite).
Year Carbon was Isolated:
Discoverer of Carbon: Known to early humans
Origin of Name: From the French ‘charbon’ = charcoal.

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